Suchergebnisse

In industrialized countries, HIV/AIDS is now increasingly perceived as a chronic condition. Yet initially, before combination therapy became available, this pandemic was widely associated with premature or even imminent death. Receiving the diagnosis typically led to a dramatic biographical disruption. This highly original book turns this basic feature of life with HIV into the vantage point for a fascinating analysis of Western subjectivity. Combining a host of empirical observations with the debate on the modern self, the author argues that the self-construction of people with HIV highlights the precarious yet indispensable status of the self in contemporary Western society. Constructing one's biography in terms of self-actualization is in fact a manifestation of nihilism: it evokes a standard of certainty which, on closer examination, cannot be sustained. Written in a lucid style, this unique book will appeal to scholars and students in the fields of sociology, social psychology, social anthropology, social theory and philosophy, as well as anybody interested in the relationship between the self and society or the experience of living with HIV/AIDS

Este artículo proporciona tres razones conexas por las que percepcionesde competencia grupal no deben confundirse con hostilidad hacia laspersonas de procedencia extranjera. Primero, se argumenta queconcepciones expansivas del prejuicio acaban desdibujando el análisisde las actitudes en materia migratoria. Segundo, se observan trayectoriasdispares de competencia grupal percibida, por un lado, y animosidadantinmigrante, por otro. Tercero, se identifican varios factores quedisminuyen el sentimiento antinmigrante, pese a circunstanciaseconómicas desalentadoras y al margen de competencia grupalpercibida. El estudio demuestra que las actitudes hacia el colectivoinmigrante no dependen sin más de hechos e intereses económicos, sinode un complejo entramado de predisposiciones y percepciones.

Den kalifornischen Umweltschützern glückte es, die Entscheidungsbefugnisse über alle Bauvorhaben im gesamten Küstengebiet einer 1972 neu eingerichteten Behörde, der California Coastal Commission, übertragen zu lassen. Die Art und Weise, in der sich dieser Institutionalisierungsprozeß vollzog, verdient auch in Europa das Interesse all derer, denen an einer wirksamen Umweltschutzpolitik gelegen ist. Die Fallstudie des Autors über die CCC zeigt, daß die enge Bindung einer Regierungskomission an die politischen Führer von Parlament und Regierung keinen hinreichenden Schutz gegen das Nachlassen ihrer Wirksamkeit gewährleistet. Das Verfolgen des reflexiven ("existenziellen") Ziels, als Organisation zu überleben, beeinträchtigt die Erfüllung des transitiven ("inhaltlichen") Auftrags der kalifornischen Komission. Diese in der politischen Struktur angelegte Instabilität kollidiert mit der Notwendigkeit langfristig kontinuierlichen Naturschutzes. Eine Küste beispielsweise ist nie "endgültig" vor der Zerstörung bewahrt, sondern bedarf dauerhaft eines stabilen Schutzes. (pmb)

Cuando una sociedad inmigratoria experimenta graves problemas económicos, actitudes hostiles hacia la poblacióninmigrada suelen incrementarse: en este sentido apuntan teorías ampliamente reconocidas, así como una nutrida evidencia empírica.No obstante, pese a reunir las aludidas condiciones, el caso español desmiente estas previsiones: durante los primeros seis años de la crisis económica iniciada en 2008, la preocupación por el tema inmigratorio y la animosidad hacia las personas inmigradas han disminuido. ¿En qué radica esta excepcionalidad española? Este artículo retrata la situación de partida y la evolución de las actitudes desde 2008, identifica varias hipótesis explicativas, y señala sus implicaciones para las políticas públicas.

In this introductory chapter, the editors suggest that the increasing need for rigorous data on international migration warrants enhanced co-operation between migration scholars, survey methodologists, and data scientists. Innovative information and communication technology, it is argued, may contribute substantially to improving the design and implementation of migrant surveys, and digital trace data may complement traditional data sources in promising ways. These claims are substantiated in nine contributions, all of which are based on first-hand experience with data collection and processing. Some chapters discuss innovative strategies for improving sample designs and resolving survey design issues, whereas others address the emerging role of large-scale datasets that were generated for reasons alien to migration research.

In this concluding chapter, the book's editors stress the epochal status of the digital revolution and urge migration scholars to leverage innovative information and communication technology for enhancing their research designs. New technological options may contribute significantly to improving the viability and quality of researcher-defined data collections, yet their full potential comes to bear with regard to massive datasets generated by third parties, such as digital trace data. Since the center of gravity of social studies is predicted to shift increasingly towards the repurposing of such accrued data, migration researchers are advised to seek close cooperation with data scientists. In addition to methodological pluralism and interdisciplinary collaboration, the editors emphasize the need for ethical safeguards and accountability as major challenges this ongoing transformation entails.

Chapter 1. Introduction: Using Innovative Technologies to Tackle Methodological Challenges in Migration Research -- Part I: INNOVATION IN MIGRANT SURVEYS -- Chapter 2. Innovative Sample Designs for Studies of Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons -- Chapter 3. Targeting on Social Networking Sites as Sampling Strategy for Online Migrant Surveys: The Challenge of Biases and Search for Possible Solutions -- Chapter 4. Web-Based Respondent-Driven Sampling in Research on Multiple Migrants: Challenges and Opportunities -- Chapter 5. Computer-assisted Migration Research: What We Can Learn about Source Questionnaire Design and Translation from the Software Localization Field -- Chapter 6. Surveying Illiterates: Are Audio Files in Computer-assisted Self-interviews a Useful Supportive Tool? -- Part II: NEW DATA SOURCES AND THEIR POTENTIAL -- Chapter 7. Leveraging the Web for Migration Studies: Data Sources and Data Extraction -- Chapter 8. How Canada's Data Ecosystem Offers Insights on the Options for Studying Migration in an Unprecedented Era of Information -- Chapter 9. Assessing Transnational Human Mobility on a Global Scale -- Chapter 10. Google Trends as a Tool for Public Opinion Research: An Illustration of the Perceived Threats of Immigration -- Chapter 11. Conclusion: Migration Research in Times of Ubiquitous Digitization.

This open access book explores implications of the digital revolution for migration scholars' methodological toolkit. New information and communication technologies hold considerable potential to improve the quality of migration research by originating previously non-viable solutions to a myriad of methodological challenges in this field of study. Combining cutting-edge migration scholarship and methodological expertise, the book addresses a range of crucial issues related to both researcher-designed data collections and the secondary use of "big data", highlighting opportunities as well as challenges and limitations. A valuable source for students and scholars engaged in migration research, the book will also be of keen interest to policymakers.

This book explores implications of the digital revolution for migration scholars' methodological toolkit. New information and communication technologies hold considerable potential to improve the quality of migration research by originating previously non-viable solutions to a myriad of methodological challenges in this field of study. Combining cutting-edge migration scholarship and methodological expertise, the book addresses a range of crucial issues related to both researcher-designed data collections and the secondary use of "big data", highlighting opportunities as well as challenges and limitations. A valuable source for students and scholars engaged in migration research, the book will also be of keen interest to policymakers.

This open access book explores implications of the digital revolution for migration scholars' methodological toolkit. New information and communication technologies hold considerable potential to improve the quality of migration research by originating previously non-viable solutions to a myriad of methodological challenges in this field of study. Combining cutting-edge migration scholarship and methodological expertise, the book addresses a range of crucial issues related to both researcher-designed data collections and the secondary use of "big data", highlighting opportunities as well as challenges and limitations. A valuable source for students and scholars engaged in migration research, the book will also be of keen interest to policymakers.

La irrelevancia de partidos nativistas y el predominio de actitudes tolerantes en materia migratoria hacían que, hasta fechas recientes, España constituyese una doble excepción en el contexto europeo. La irrupción de VOX en el sistema político supone un punto de inflexión al respecto: la presencia institucional de discursos xenófobos plantea incógnitas sobre la evolución de las actitudes ante la inmigración y los inmigrantes. En base a dinámicas grupales celebradas pocos meses después del primer gran éxito electoral de VOX, el presente estudio examina la propensión de la población española a convertir a los inmigrantes en chivos expiatorios. Los resultados sugieren que la experiencia colectiva de la Gran Recesión alejó a los inmigrantes de este rol. El "efecto VOX" sobre las actitudes ante la inmigración resulta ser inesperadamente polifacético, al comprender una revigorización de concepciones universalistas.

This chapter examines the technical challenges involved in translating and adapting measurement instruments, i.e., questionnaires, for migration research. The first part outlines good practices in questionnaire translation. In line with the technology-based focus of this book, the second part focuses on computerized surveys and on the interplay between technology, language, and culture. Frameworks from the software localization field are consulted and transferred to the context of computerized multilingual surveys with respect to their impact on source questionnaire design and on translation and adaptation. Real-life examples come from our own experiences in international and migration research, as well as from a review of existing reports and research articles. The main goal of this chapter is to raise awareness of the additional technology layer that impacts translation and adaptation, with an ultimate goal to improve translation and adaptation processes, and the outcomes of migration research.